深亚微米器件沟道长度对总剂量辐照效应的影响

研究了180 nm 互补金属氧化物半导体技术下的器件沟道长度对总剂量辐照效应的影响. 在其他条件如辐照偏置、器件结构等不变的情况下, 氧化层中的陷阱电荷决定了辐照响应. 浅沟槽隔离氧化层中的陷阱电荷使得寄生的侧壁沟道反型, 从而形成大的关态泄漏电流. 这个电流与沟道长度存在一定的关系, 沟道长度越短, 泄漏电流越大. 首次发现辐照会增强这个电流的沟道长度调制效应, 从而使得器件进一步退化.     

圆顶轴棱锥产生多个局域空心光束

首次提出圆顶轴棱锥这一新型光学元件.由衍射理论分析了平面波通过圆顶轴棱锥后的光场强度分布,用软件对光强分布进行仿真.结果表明,平行光通过圆顶轴棱锥后可以形成多个局域空心光束(bottle beam),由于球面波能量在焦点附近高度集中,所得的bottle beam在焦点附近强度极大.通过仿真对比得知用圆顶轴棱锥产生的bottlebeam的暗域周围光强远大于用两束Bessel光束干涉所得,大幅度提高了bottle beam囚禁粒子的效率.通过比较这两种方法产生的bottle beam对粒子囚禁的散射力,证实了圆顶轴棱锥产生bottle beam在粒子囚禁方面更具优势.     

钡钨阴极优化与热电子发射性能

分别从基体和铝酸盐两方面优化了钡钨阴极.在基体方面,首先采用窄粒度钨粉结合放电等离子体烧结获得了孔径分布窄的基体;再利用射频等离子体球化技术制备了球形钨粉,采用球形钨粉制备了多孔基体,获得了孔通道光滑、内孔连通性好、孔径分布更加窄的基体.与窄粒度钨粉基体相比,球形钨粉制备的阴极,空间电荷限制区的斜率由1.25增加至1.37,发射均匀性得到提高,拐点电流密度由6.6 A·cm^–2增至6.96 A·cm^–2.在此基础上,采用液相法改善了铝酸盐物相组成,发现空间电荷限制区的斜率增加至1.44,拐点电流密度增加至21.2 A·cm^–2.通过理论计算对钡钨阴极发射的物理本质进行了研究,发现钡钨阴极发射规律遵循偶极子理论.     

Building generalized open boundary conditions for fluid dynamics problems

This paper deals with the design of an efficient open boundary condition (OBC) for fluid dynamics problems. Such problematics arise, for instance, when one solves a local model on a fine grid that is nested in a coarser one of greater extent. Usually, the local solution U^loc is computed from the coarse solution U^ext, thanks to an OBC formulated as , where B_h and B_H are discretizations of the same differential operator (B_h being defined on the fine grid and B_H on the coarse grid). In this paper, we show that such an OBC cannot lead to the exact solution, and we propose a generalized formulation , where g is a correction term. When B_h and B_H are discretizations of a transparent operator, g can be computed analytically, at least for simple equations. Otherwise, we propose to approximate g by a Richardson extrapolation procedure. Numerical test cases on a 1D Laplace equation and on a 1D shallow water system illustrate the improved efficiency of such a generalized OBC compared with usual ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variable density bore interaction with block obstacles

A horizontally variable density flow model is used to simulate hydraulic bore interactions with idealised urban obstacles. The 2D non-linear shallow water equations are solved using a second-order Monotonic Upstream-centered Schemes for Conservation Laws-Hancock Godunov-type HLLC approximate Riemann scheme. Validation test results are reported for wave propagation over a hump, a constant-density circular dam break and two 1D dam breaks involving different spatial distributions of solute concentration. Detailed parameter studies are then considered for hydraulic bore interactions with single and multiple-square obstacles under subcritical, critical and supercritical flow conditions. In all cases, reflected and diffracted wave patterns are generated immediately after the bore impacts the obstacle(s). Later, the incident bore reconstitutes itself downstream of the obstacle(s). Variable density flows are also considered, with the upstream volumetric concentrations set to values corresponding to water–sediment mixture densities of 1165 and 1495 kg/m³. It is found that the upstream Froude number, gap spacing between obstacles and upstream to downstream density difference influence the strength of the bore–structure interaction, run-up at the front face of the obstacle(s), and subsequent wave–wave interactions.     

任意厚度具有自由边叠层板的精确解析解

自由边问题一直是三维弹性力学中的难题,通常很难满足自由边上一个正应力和两个剪应力都等于0．基于三维弹性力学基本方程和状态空间方法,引入自由边界位移函数并考虑全部弹性常数,建立了正交异性具有自由边单层和叠层板的状态方程．对状态方程中的变量以级数形式展开,通过边界条件的满足精确求解任意厚度具有自由边叠层板的位移和应力,此解满足层间应力和位移的连续条件．算例计算表明,采用引入的位移函数形式,简化了计算过程并且采用较少的级数项可以获得收敛解．与有限元方法计算结果进行了对比,可以得到较高精度的数值结果．其解可以作为其它数值方法和半解析方法的参考解．     

双层网格开顶扁球壳的非线性稳定性分析

根据基于等效夹层壳思想的双层网格圆底扁球壳在极坐标下的平衡方程、相容方程,采用修正迭代法,对外边缘滑动固定、内边缘悬空和外边缘夹紧固定、内边缘悬空两种边界条件下,双层网格开顶圆底扁球壳的非线性稳定性进行了分析,得出了非线性载荷 位移关系及临界荷载的解析表达式,并讨论和分析了网壳几何参数对临界屈曲载荷的影响.     

Tuned liquid dampers with a Keulegan–Carpenter number-dependent screen drag coefficient

The amplitude-dependent damping associated with a tuned liquid damper (TLD) equipped with slat-type screens produces a device that performs optimally at a targeted response amplitude. Increasing the slat height produces a screen whose drag coefficient is dependent on the Keulegan–Carpenter number (KC), which may improve the TLD performance. This new type of TLD is modeled as an equivalent mechanical model with damping that is dependent on both KC and the response amplitude. An experimental shake table testing program is undertaken to study the influence of KC on the TLD response and to validate the model. A power fit is performed on the experimentally determined screen drag coefficient and KC values to express the drag coefficient as a function of KC and the steady flow drag coefficient. Predicted frequency response plots of sloshing forces and energy dissipation per cycle are in agreement with experimental results. A structure–TLD system model is developed to theoretically study the performance of this new TLD. Nonlinear shallow water wave theory is used to validate the output of the mechanical model. Results indicate that a KC-dependent screen drag coefficient produces a more robust TLD whose performance is maintained over a broader range of structural response amplitudes.     

A non-horizontal multi-layer numerical model for the flow in natural rivers

A non-horizontal multi-layer element model is developed for the simulation for the flow in natural rivers. Either Cartesian coordinates or sigma coordinates will experience difficulties in dealing with the water surface and irregular bed topography of natural rivers. To create the surface-fitting and non-deformed cells, the newly developed model divides the water column into several layers with non-horizontal interfaces which are nearly parallel to the water surface. The irregular bed topography is also represented by the layered integration between non-horizontal interfaces. Two case studies for the flow in a straight channel and the flow in an S-shaped meander channel are conducted with good agreement between the numerical predictions and the analytical or experimental results. The model is further applied for the investigation of the flow in a 12-km-long and 3.46-m-drop reach of the Yangtze River with the water surface evaluation and the stream-wise velocity satisfactory accordance with the observed data.     

Semi-implicit two-level predictor–corrector methods for non-linearly coupled,hydrostatic, barotropic/baroclinic flows

The unsteady shallow-water equations for barotropic/baroclinic (free-surface/density-stratified) flows with non-linear coupling of density transport and momentum are solved using a family of two-time-level, semi-implicit predictor–corrector methods (PC2). The PC2 methods are a general family that includes the popular TRIM method for hydrostatic flows. PC2 is characterised by four ‘θ’ parameters controlling the time ‘n’ and ‘n + 1’ weighting of (1) free surface gradient, (2) predictor step, (3) baroclinic gradient and (4) density temporal interpolation. Stability of the non-linear coupling between momentum and density transport for PC2 is examined in the inviscid limit. Central difference and quadratic (QUICK) spatial interpolation for density are compared. Second-order temporal accuracy for both barotropic and baroclinic flows is simultaneously obtained with appropriate θ parameters, which has previously been shown to be impractical for TRIM. The 2nd-order PC2 method has near-neutral non-linear stability (slightly positive amplification factor) where linear theory predicts exactly neutral stability. QUICK is shown to be preferable to central difference spatial discretisation to reduce the amplification factor. Adjusting the baroclinic weighting or adding small artificial viscosities can stabilise the model for non-linear internal wave simulations.